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Finding a Substitute for Autologous Bone Graft

There is a problem getting enough bone graft material for some operations. Major reconstructive spine surgery is increasing in the older adult groups. The need for sufficient bone graft has led researchers to look for suitable substitute materials.

In this article, calcium phosphate products used to replace bone graft in spine surgery are reviewed and compared. Calcium phosphate has been used in the past as a cement and a ceramic in bone surgery. It has the ability to stimulate bone growth.

There are many forms of calcium phosphate. Different structures, uses, and biodegradability are reported for various compounds. Studies are being done to find ways to inject blood cells into the calcium phosphate. This could help more bone cells to grow.

The authors report that beta-tricalcium phosphate has a good record as a bone substitute. Its porous surface promotes bone ingrowth. It can be used as a bone extender when large amounts of bone graft is needed for such as for spine surgery.

There aren't enough studies yet to draw firm conclusions about other types of calcium phosphate products. Surgeons are encouraged to stay abreast of the various products available. Characteristics of bone substitutes and outcomes should be examined carefully when using these products.

References: Evalina L. Burger, MD, and Vikas Patel, MD. Calcium Phosphates as Bone Graft Extenders. In Orthopedics. November 2007. Vol. 30. No. 11. Pp. 939-942.

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