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What is pyomyositis?

Pyomyositis is a bacterial infection of the skeletal muscles. Abscesses form that are filled with pus caused by a staph infection. More specifically, the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus is the major problem. Pyomyositis can affect any skeletal muscle. Large muscle groups such as the quadriceps (muscles along the front of the thigh), iliopsoas (muscle deep inside the pelvic cavity that flexes the hip), or gluteal (buttock) muscles are commonly affected. Pyomyositis is rare in healthy individuals. Trauma (sometimes just minor trauma) can start the process that results in pyomyositis. Any immune system problems already present can prevent the body from responding to overcome this infection. People with human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV), diabetes mellitus, cancer, connective-tissue diseases, and cirrhosis of the liver are at increased risk. Treatment is important. In fact, this is one time when the use of antibiotics early on is especially important. The abscess within the muscle may need to be drained. This can be done percutaneously (through the skin) or with open surgery. Percutaneous aspiration (drawing the pus and fluids out) is done through the guidance of computed tomography (CT) imaging. Draining the abscess is a must if the antibiotic treatment is unsuccessful in clearing up the infection.

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