Joint cartilage has a limited ability to heal itself. After an injury, the cartilage cells called chondrocytes set up a healing response. But there is a limited attempt at best. And if the injury is a full-thickness articular cartilage tear, then self-healing probably won’t be enough.
Scientists have found ways to help healing along in this area. They have discovered that using cartilage cells from other areas of the uninjured joint can aid in the repair process. Cells are usually taken from a relatively non-weight bearing area of the joint and transplanted to the injured site.
This may be the best way to reproduce tissue similar to the natural cartilage. Restoring the biomechanical abilities and durability of the cartilage is especially needed for athletes. Return to play with the full function of the knee is possible with this type of treatment.