There are potential complications with any surgery. Infection, bleeding, blood clots, and poor wound healing are the major problems to watch out for. With the particular surgery you are considering, some of the complications may depend on the technique used for the procedure.
Surgeons have found various ways over the years to give the spinal cord some added room while stabilizing the vertebrae (spinal bones). For one thing, they found they could cut through the lamina (pillar of bone that forms an arch around the spinal cord) and make a hinge to move the bone away from the spinal cord without removing the bone. It sounds like this is the procedure planned for you.
Once the hinge-door has been created, it has to be propped open so it doesn’t swing back and shut against the spinal cord again. There are various ways to accomplish this. When this procedure was first developed, the surgeon used stitches but they didn’t give the rigid support needed. So they moved on to using bone and ceramic struts or spacers placed between the open edge of the door and the other side of the bone.
With this method, there is a risk that the struts will pop out (causing the hinge-door to close) or drop back into the spinal canal. If the strut falls into the spinal canal, pressure on the spinal cord can redevelop. A newer approach is the use of metal plating to expand the space around the spinal cord, provide rigidi support to the bone, and hold the hinge-door open. With this technique, the surgeon doesn’t need to use supplemental bone grafting, the costs are less, and the patient can get up and move around right away.
Check with your surgeon to find out what types of problems you might face. Besides the surgical technique used, your age and general health are factors.