Many patients find out after the fact that more than one tendon was affected by the initial trauma or injury. Studies report more than half who injure the subscapularis also hurt the biceps tendon. The biceps is the muscle that bends the elbow. It is definitely the prime mover when doing bicep curls.
The report you gave is common when the biceps is damaged. Soreness, spasm, and sometimes the Popeye sign are present. The Popeye Sign refers to a bulge in the biceps caused by the muscle retracting after it tears.
If that is the cause of the problems you’re having, then rehab and strength training may not be helpful. You may need an additional surgery to repair the biceps tendon.
A follow-up appointment with your surgeon might be a good idea. X-rays, MRIs, and/or ultrasound studies will help give a better idea of what’s going on.