Both the disease and the contracture refer to the same condition. The disease affects the hand, causing the tissues in the palm of the hand become shorter and thicker. As a result, the fingers begin to curl into the palm. This tightening of the tissues is called a contracture. Dupuytren's usually shows up in men over the age of 50. It is more common in whites than in other racial groups.

The cause of this condition is unknown. Researchers suspect it has a strong genetic component. Work and other factors may also contribute.