University and teaching hospitals often have advanced technology that allows them to use the most up to date methods. However, new methods for surgery are tried out first on animals and then on cadavers (a human body preserved for study).
When the operation is perfected and ready for use on humans, doctors use what are called “clinical trials.” In clinical trials people are offered the choice between the standard method or the new method. Full information is provided, and the patient must agree to the use of the operation. Don’t hesitate to ask your doctor more about how the planned operation will be done.